1. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

A:Can I ask you for a favor?
B:Yes, what is it?
A:I need to get to the airport for my business trip, but my car won't start. Can you give me a lift?
B:Sure. When do you need to be there by?
A:I have to be there no later than 6:00.
B:It's 4:30 now. _________________________________. We'll have to leave right away.

• ①
   That's cutting it close
• ②
   I took my eye off the ball
• ③
   All that glitters is not gold
• ④
   It's water under the bridge

2. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Fear of loss is a basic part of being human. To the brain, loss is a threat and we naturally take measures to avoid it. We cannot, however, avoid it indefinitely. One way to face loss is with the perspective of a stock trader. Traders accept the possibility of loss as part of the game, not the end of the game. What guides this thinking is a portfolio approach; wins and losses will both happen, but it's the overall portfolio of outcomes that matters most. When you embrace a portfolio approach, you will be __________________________________________________ because you know that they are small parts of a much bigger picture.

• ①
   less inclined to dwell on individual losses
• ②
   less interested in your investments
• ③
   more averse to the losses
• ④
   more sensitive to fluctuations in the stock market

3. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Over the last years of traveling, I've observed how much we humans live in the past. The past is around us constantly, considering that, the minute something is manifested, it is the past. Our surroundings, our homes, our environments, our architecture, our products are all past constructs. We should live with what is part of our time, part of our collective consciousness, those things that were produced during our lives. Of course, we do not have the choice or control to have everything around us relevant or conceived during our time, but what we do have control of should be a reflection of the time in which we exist and communicate the present. The present is all we have, and the more we are surrounded by it, the more we are aware of our own presence and participation.

• ①
   Travel : Tracing the Legacies of the Past
• ②
   Reflect on the Time That Surrounds You Now
• ③
   Manifestation of a Hidden Life
• ④
   Architecture of a Futuristic Life

4. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?

It would be difficult ①to imagine life without the beauty and richness of forests. But scientists warn we cannot take our forest for ②granted. By some estimates, deforestation ③has been resulted in the loss of as much as eighty percent of the natural forests of the world. Currently, deforestation is a global problem, ④affecting wilderness regions such as the temperate rainforests of the Pacific.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

5. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것은?

Robert J. Flaherty, a legendary documentary filmmaker, tried to show how indigenous people gathered food.

• ①
   native
• ②
   ravenous
• ③
   impoverished
• ④
   itinerant

6. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Listening to music is ______________ being a rock star. Anyone can listen to music, but it takes talent to become a musician.

• ①
   on a par with
• ②
   a far cry from
• ③
   contingent upon
• ④
   a prelude to

7. 다음 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?

Biologists have identified a gene that will allow rice plants to survive being submerged in water for up to two weeks―over a week longer than at present. Plants under water for longer than a week are deprived of oxygen and wither and perish. ①The scientists hope their discovery will prolong the harvests of crops in regions that are susceptible to flooding. ②Rice growers in these flood-prone areas of Asia lose an estimated one billion dollars annually to excessively waterlogged rice paddies. ③They hope the new gene will lead to a hardier rice strain that will reduce the financial damage incurred in typhoon and monsoon seasons and lead to bumper harvests. ④This is dreadful news for people in these vulnerable regions, who are victims of urbanization and have a shortage of crops. Rice yields must increase by 30 percent over the next 20 years to ensure a billion people can receive their staple diet.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

8. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A:Do you know how to drive?
B:Of course. I'm a great driver.
A:Could you teach me how to drive?
B:Do you have a learner's permit?
A:Yes, I got it just last week.
B:Have you been behind the steering wheel yet?
A:No, but I can't wait to _____________________.

• ①
   take a rain check
• ②
   get my feet wet
• ③
   get an oil change
• ④
   change a flat tire

9. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Sharks are covered in scales made from the same material as teeth. These flexible scales protect the shark and help it swim quickly in water. A shark can move the scales as it swims. This movement helps reduce the water's drag. Amy Lang, an aerospace engineer at the University of Alabama, studies the scales on the shortfin mako, a relative of the great white shark. Lang and her team discovered that the mako shark's scales differ in size and in flexibility in different parts of its body. For instance, the scales on the sides of the body are tapered―wide at one end and narrow at the other end. Because they are tapered, these scales move very easily. They can turn up or flatten to adjust to the flow of water around the shark and to reduce drag. Lang feels that shark scales can inspire designs for machines that experience drag, such as airplanes.

• ①
   A shark has scales that always remain immobile to protect itself as it swims.
• ②
   Lang revealed that the scales of a mako shark are utilized to lessen drag in water.
• ③
   A mako shark has scales of identical size all over its body.
• ④
   The scientific designs of airplanes were inspired by shark scales.

10. 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 옳지 않은 것은?

Focus means ①getting stuff done. A lot of people have great ideas but don't act on them. For me, the definition of an entrepreneur, for instance, is someone who can combine innovation and ingenuity with the ability to execute that new idea. Some people think that the central dichotomy in life is whether you're positive or negative about the issues ②that interest or concern you. There's a lot of attention ③paying to this question of whether it's better to have an optimistic or pessimistic lens. I think the better question to ask is whether you are going to do something about it or just ④let life pass you by.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

11. 밑줄 친 부분 중 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 것은?

Most people like to talk, but few people like to listen, yet listening well is a ①rare talent that everyone should treasure. Because they hear more, good listeners tend to know more and to be more sensitive to what is going on around them than most people. In addition, good listeners are inclined to accept or tolerate rather than to judge and criticize. Therefore, they have ②fewer enemies than most people. In fact, they are probably the most beloved of people. However, there are ③exceptions to that generality. For example, John Steinbeck is said to have been an excellent listener, yet he was hated by some of the people he wrote about. No doubt his ability to listen contributed to his capacity to write. Nevertheless, the result of his listening didn't make him ④unpopular.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

12. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Worry is like a rocking horse. No matter how fast you go, you never move anywhere. Worry is a complete waste of time and creates so much clutter in your mind that you cannot think clearly about anything. The way to learn to stop worrying is by first understanding that you energize whatever you focus your attention on. Therefore, the more you allow yourself to worry, the more likely things are to go wrong! Worrying becomes such an ingrained habit that to avoid it you consciously have to train yourself to do otherwise. Whenever you catch yourself having a fit of worry, stop and change your thoughts. Focus your mind more productively on what you do want to happen and dwell on what's already wonderful in your life so more wonderful stuff will come your way.

• ①
   What effects does worry have on life?
• ②
   Where does worry originate from?
• ③
   When should we worry?
• ④
   How do we cope with worrying?

13. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Students at Macaulay Honors College(MHC) don't stress about the high price of tuition. That's because theirs is free. At Macaulay and a handful of other service academies, work colleges, single-subject schools and conservatories, 100 percent of the student body receive a full tuition scholarship for all four years. Macaulay students also receive a laptop and $7,500 in "opportunities funds" to pursue research, service experiences, study abroad programs and internships. "The most important thing is not the free tuition, but the freedom of studying without the burden of debt on your back," says Ann Kirschner, university dean of Macaulay Honors College. The debt burden, she says, "really compromises decisions students make in college, and we are giving them the opportunity to be free of that." Schools that grant free tuition to all students are rare, but a greater number of institutions provide scholarships to enrollees with high grades. Institutions such as Indiana University Bloomington offer automatic awards to high-performing students with stellar GPAs and class ranks.

• ①
   MHC에서는 모든 학생이 4년간 수업료를 내지 않는다.
• ②
   MHC에서는 학생들에게 컴퓨터 구입 비용과 교외활동 비용을 합하여 $7,500를 지급한다.
• ③
   수업료로 인한 빚 부담이 있으면 학생들이 자유롭게 공부할 수 없다고 Kirschner 학장은 말한다.
• ④
   MHC와 달리 학업 우수자에게만 장학금을 주는 대학도 있다.

14. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

The police spent seven months working on the crime case but were never able to determine the identity of the malefactor.

• ①
   culprit
• ②
   dilettante
• ③
   pariah
• ④
   demagogue

15. 밑줄 친 부분의 의미와 가장 가까운 것을 고르시오.

While at first glance it seems that his friends are just leeches, they prove to be the ones he can depend on through thick and thin.

• ①
   in no time
• ②
   from time to time
• ③
   in pleasant times
• ④
   in good times and bad times

16. 주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some remain intensely proud of their original accent and dialect words, phrases and gestures, while others accommodate rapidly to a new environment by changing their speech habits, so that they no longer "stand out in the crowd."
--------------------
Our perceptions and production of speech change with time. ( ① ) If we were to leave our native place for an extended period, our perception that the new accents around us were strange would only be temporary. ( ② ) Gradually, we will lose the sense that others have an accent and we will begin to fit in―to accommodate our speech patterns to the new norm. ( ③ ) Not all people do this to the same degree. ( ④ ) Whether they do this consciously or not is open to debate and may differ from individual to individual, but like most processes that have to do with language, the change probably happens before we are aware of it and probably couldn't happen if we were.

• ①
   1번
• ②
   2번
• ③
   3번
• ④
   4번

17. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Insomnia can be classified as transient, acute, or chronic. Transient insomnia lasts for less than a week. It can be caused by another disorder, by changes in the sleep environment, by the timing of sleep, severe depression, or by stress. Its consequences such as sleepiness and impaired psychomotor performance are similar to those of sleep deprivation. Acute insomnia is the inability to consistently sleep well for a period of less than a month. Acute insomnia is present when there is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or when the sleep that is obtained is not refreshing. These problems occur despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep and they can impair daytime functioning. Acute insomnia is also known as short term insomnia or stress related insomnia. Chronic insomnia lasts for longer than a month. It can be caused by another disorder, or it can be a primary disorder. People with high levels of stress hormones or shifts in the levels of cytokines are more likely than others to have chronic insomnia. Its effects can vary according to its causes. They might include muscular weariness, hallucinations, and/or mental fatigue. Chronic insomnia can also cause double vision.
-----------------
※	cytokines:groups of molecules released by certain cells of the immune system

• ①
   Insomnia can be classified according to its duration.
• ②
   Transient insomnia occurs solely due to an inadequate sleep environment.
• ③
   Acute insomnia is generally known to be related to stress.
• ④
   Chronic insomnia patients may suffer from hallucinations.

18. 밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Kisha Padbhan, founder of Everonn Education, in Mumbai, looks at his business as nation-building. India's student-age population of 230 million (kindergarten to college) is one of the largest in the world. The government spends $83 billion on instruction, but there are serious gaps. "There aren't enough teachers and enough teacher-training institutes," says Kisha. "What children in remote parts of India lack is access to good teachers and exposure to good-quality content." Everonn's solution? The company uses a satellite network, with two-way video and audio __________________________________________________. It reaches 1,800 colleges and 7,800 schools across 24 of India's 28 states. It offers everything from digitized school lessons to entrance exam prep for aspiring engineers and has training for job-seekers, too.

• ①
   to improve the quality of teacher training facilities
• ②
   to bridge the gap through virtual classrooms
• ③
   to get students familiarized with digital technology
• ④
   to locate qualified instructors across the nation

19. 주어진 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

A technique that enables an individual to gain some voluntary control over autonomic, or involuntary, body functions by observing electronic measurements of those functions is known as biofeedback.
---------------
(A)When such a variable moves in the desired direction (for example, blood pressure down), it triggers visual or audible displays―feedback on equipment such as television sets, gauges, or lights.
(B)Electronic sensors are attached to various parts of the body to measure such variables as heart rate, blood pressure, and skin temperature. 
(C)Biofeedback training teaches one to produce a desired response by reproducing thought patterns or actions that triggered the displays.

• ①
   (A)－(B)－(C)
• ②
   (B)－(C)－(A)
• ③
   (B)－(A)－(C)
• ④
   (C)－(A)－(B)

20. 우리말을 영어로 잘못 옮긴 것은?

• ①
   그 연사는 자기 생각을 청중에게 전달하는 데 능숙하지 않았다. →The speaker was not good at getting his ideas across to the audience.
• ②
   서울의 교통 체증은 세계 어느 도시보다 심각하다. →The traffic jams in Seoul are more serious than those in any other city in the world.
• ③
   네가 말하고 있는 사람과 시선을 마주치는 것은 서양 국가에서 중요하다. →Making eye contact with the person you are speaking to is important in western countries.
• ④
   그는 사람들이 생각했던 만큼 인색하지 않았다는 것이 드러났다. →It turns out that he was not so stingier as he was thought to be.